Some  Facts  and  Figures 


Relating  to  Local  Taxation 
For  Public  Schools 


A comparative  study  of  the  revenues  provided 
for  public  education  in  the  several  states  and 
territories  of  the  Union  is  herewith  present- 
ed. Expenditures  for  higher  education  in  col- 
leges and  universities  are  not  included  in  these 
tables.  Reference  is  made  to  the  public  schools 
only. 


Published  by  the 

Alabama  Education  Committee 

Montgomery.  Alabama 


PARAGON  PRESS 


’8. US, 


■n 


TV  -t  \ * 

?A 


e * 


TO  THE  PUBLIC : 

Section  1685  of  the  code,  enumerating  the 
duties  of  the  superintendent  of  education,  says 
among  other  things,  “He  shall  ***** 
elicit  information  relative  to  the  system  oi 
public  education  in  other  states  and  countries, 
and  disseminate  all  useful  knowledge  regard- 
ing the  same,  etc.”  The  facts  presented  in 
this  pamphlet  were  obtained  for  the  most  part 
from  the  last  report,  volume  II,  of  the  United 
States  Commissioner  of  Education  at  Wash- 
ington. That  the  tables  are  absolutely  relia- 
ble we  have  no  reason  to  doubt.  These  sim- 
ple facts  are  presented  without  any  lengthy 
comment.  They  speak  for  themselves. 

My  purpose  in  arranging  these  tables  and 
in  publishing  this  pamphlet  (without  any  ex- 
pense to  the  State)  is  to  try  to  convince  any 
one  who  may  not  already  be  convinced  that 
the  people  of  Alabama  are  entitled  to  have 
the  privilege  of  supporting  their  own  schools 
through  local  taxation  by  districts  and  by  an 
increased  county  rate. 

The  pages  in  the  latter  part  of  this  pam- 
phlet showing  the  basis  of  taxation  for  the 
public  schools  in  each  of  the  several  States 
of  the  Union  are  correct  down  to  date  of  Jan- 
uary 15th,  1911.  It  will  be  seen  that  Alabama 
is  in  a class  almost  by  itself  in  denying  to  the 
people  the  right  of  supporting  local  schools 
with  local  money.  Surely  the  voting  privilege 
in  Alabama  is  reposed  in  as  safe  hands  as  it  is 
in  the  other  States.  If  there  are  counties  and 
districts  which  do  not  need  any  additional 
revenue  for  their  schools  they  would  not  be 
required  to  have  it.  Those  counties  and  dis- 
tricts which  do  need  this  relief  ought  to  be 
allowed  to  have  it. 

Special  attention  is  called  to  page  16  show- 
ing the  percentage  of  our  taxes  raised  local- 
ly— by  counties  and  districts — as  compared 
with  the  percentage  of  local  taxes  raised  for 
school  purposes  in  the  other  states.  That 
table  covers  the  whole  matter. 

Let  the  people  have  the  chance  of  saying, 
in  the  regular  election  in  November,  1912, 
whether  they  are  willing  to  trust  themselves 
with  local  taxing  powers  to  assist  the  State  in 
the  support  and  maintenance  of  their  own 
public  schools. 

Superintendent  of  Education. 


(4) 


It  is  interesting  to  note  on  the  next  page 
the  relatively  small  amount  we  are  spending 
in  public  education.  Evidently  the  people  in 
northern,  eastern  and  western  states  do  not 
regard  these  expenditures  as  burdensome  tax- 
ation. Probably  they  regard  such  money  as 
a permanent  investment. 


(5) 


WHOLE  AMOUNT  RAISED  (1907-8)  FOR 
EACH  PERSON  OF  SCHOOL  AGE. 


Nevada  

Washington  

California  

Montana  

Colorado  

New  York  

Massachusetts  ... 

Wyoming  

New  Jersey  

Idaho  

N.  Dakota  

Oregon  

Michigan  

Illinois  

Pennsylvania  

Connecticut  

Utah  

S.  Dakota  

Ohio  

Minnesota  

Indiana  

Nebraska  

Iowa  

Arizona  . 

Vermont  

Rhode  Island  .... 
New  Hampshire 

Maine  

Wisconsin  

Kansas  

Missouri  

West  Virginia 

Maryland  

Delaware  

Florida  

New  Mexico  

Texas  

Louisiana  

Virginia  

Arkansas  

Kentucky  

Tennessee  

Georgia  

North  Carolina 

Alabama  J.. 

South  Carolina 
Mississippi  


.$62.86 
. 42.60 
. 32.34 
. 30.69 
. 29.36 
. 27.63 
. 27.30 
. 24.16 
. 23.29 
. 23.28 
. 22.62 
. 22.11 
. 21.31 
. 21.25 
. 21.16 
. 21.15 
. 20.76 
. 19.96 
. 19.69 
. 19.54 
. 18.78 
. 18.63 
. 18.37 
. 17.89 
. 17.79 
. 17.58 
. 17.32 
. 16.01 
. 15.07 
...13.86 
. 11.92 
. 11.30 
. 9.81 
. 9.51 
. 8.44 
. 8.16 
. 7.05 
. 6.70 
. 5.52 

. 5.35 
. 5.30 

. 4.93 
. 4.39 
. 3.65 
. 3.30 
. 3.29 
. 3.21 


(6) 


Seven  states  have  no  form  of  compulsory  at- 
tendance law.  Alabama  is  one  of  them.  This 
fact  accounts,  in  a measure,  for  the  compara- 
tively small  percentage  of  Alabama  children 
who  actually  attend  school. 

Dividing  our  public  school  fund  among 
those  who  do  attend,  we  make  a showing  on 
the  next  page  which  prevents  us  becoming 
hilarious  even  if  we  do  stand  above  five  other 
states. 


(7) 


AVERAGE  DAILY  EXPENDITURE  PER 
PUPIL  BASED  ON  AVERAGE 
ATTENDANCE  (1907-08) 


Cents 

1.  Nevada  46.5 

2.  North  Dakota  34.4 

3.  Montana  34.3 

4.  Arizona  33.6 

5.  California  30.3 

6.  Wyoming  27.6 

7.  New  York  26.9 

8.  Washington  26.8 

9.  Colorado  26.3 

10.  South  Dakota  26.1 

11.  New  Jersey  25.5 

12.  Minnesota  24.5 

13.  Illnois  , 23.9 

14.  Idaho  23.1 

15.  Massachusetts  22.9 

16.  Utah  22.5 

17.  Ohio  22.4 

18.  Oregon  21.8 

19.  Pennsylvania  21.4 

20.  Rhode  Island  20.2 

21.  Wisconsin  19.9 

22.  Indiana  19.6 

23.  New  Hampshire  19.3 

24.  Connecticut  19.1 

25.  Nebraska  18.8 

26.  Vermont  18.3 

27.  Iowa  18.2 

28.  Michigan  18.0 

29.  Maine  17.9 

30.  Missouri  17.3 

31.  Kansas  16.8 

32.  Oklahoma  15.7 

33.  Louisiana  15.5 

34.  New  Mexico  15.5 

35.  Florida  15.4 

36.  West  Virginia  14.6 

37.  Texas  14.5 

38.  Maryland  13.8 

39.  Virginia  11.9 

40.  Delaware  11.7 

41.  Arkansas  11.4 

42.  Kentucky  10.2 

43.  Alabama  9.3 

44.  North  Carolina  9.2 

45.  Georgia  8.8 

46.  Tennessee  7.8 

47.  South  Carolina  7.2 

48.  Mississippi  5.7 


(8) 


Sometimes  we  persuade  ourselves  to  believe 
that  we  are  already  spending  a due  share  of 
our  means  in  providing  for  the  education  of 
our  children.  The  table  on  the  next  page 
answers  that  question  and  the  answer  is 
against  us. 


(9) 


AMOUNT  EXPENDED  FOR  PUBLIC 
SCHOOLS  ON  EACH  $100  OF  TRUE 
VALUATION  OF  ALL  REAL  AND 
PERSONAL  PROPERTY, 

1907-08. 


Amount  in  Cents 

1. 

Washington  

38.6 

2. 

Utah  

34.0 

3. 

Massachusetts  

33.2 

4. 

Colorado  

33.0 

5. 

South  Dakota  

32.9 

6. 

Vermont  

32.6 

7. 

North  Dakota  

31.5 

8. 

West  Virginia  

30.1 

8. 

Indiana  

30.1 

9. 

New  York  

29.8 

10. 

Idaho  

29.1 

11. 

Michigan  

27.9 

12. 

Wisconsin  

27.8 

13. 

New  Jersey  

27.3 

14. 

Mississippi  

27.1 

15. 

Maine  

26.8 

15. 

Connecticut  

26.S 

16. 

New  Hampshire  .... 

26.6 

16. 

Ohio  

26.6 

17. 

Iowa  

26.4 

18. 

Missouri  

26.3 

19. 

Kansas  

25.2 

20. 

Illinois  

24.7 

21. 

North  Caroilna  

24.6 

22. 

Minnesota  

24.1 

23. 

Nebraska  

23.8 

24. 

Tennessee  

23.6 

25. 

California  

22.8 

26. 

Pennsylvania  

22.7 

27. 

Rhode  Island  

22.6 

28. 

Florida  

21.9 

28. 

Texas  

21.9 

29. 

Arkansas  

21.5 

30. 

Oklahoma  

21.4 

31. 

Oregon  

21.2 

32. 

South  Carolina  

20.3 

33. 

Georgia  

19.2 

34. 

Maryland  

18.2 

35. 

Kentucky  

17,4 

36. 

Virginia  

16.6 

36. 

Montana  

16.6 

37. 

Louisiana  

15.9 

38. 

Arizona  

14.3 

39. 

Indian  Territory  .... 

14.0 

40. 

Alabama  

13.0 

41. 

Nevada  

11.7 

42. 

New  Mexico  

10.6 

Delaware  omitted. 
Wyoming  omitted. 


(10) 


v 


If  the  census  of  1900  had  neglected  to  re- 
port the  illiteracy  of  whites  and  blacks  sepa- 
rate, we  might  content  ourselves  with  think- 
ing that  the  presence  of  the  negroes  caused 
Alabama  to  be  so  near  the  bottom  of  the  list. 
The  next  page  referring  only  to  grown  white 
men  bom  in  Alabama  makes  interesting  read- 
ing and  causes  us  to  wonder  what  showing  we 
shall  make  when  the  figures  of  the  census  of 
1910  are  announced. 


(11) 


PER  CENT.  OF  ILLITERATES  (UNABLE 
TO  WRITE)  AMONG  NATIVE  WHITE 
ADULT  MALES,  1900 

1.  Washington  State  5 

2.  Nevada  8 

3.  Wyoming  8 

4.  Montana  8 

5.  South  Dakota  8 

6.  Massachusetts  9 

7.  Nebraska  1.0 

8.  North  Dakota  1.0 

9.  Minnesota  1.0 

10.  Connecticut  1.0 

11.  California  1.1 

12.  Oregon  1.1 

13.  Idaho  1.1 

14.  Utah  1.2 

15.  Iowa  1.6 

16.  Kansas  1.7 

17.  New  York  l.S 

18.  Wisconsin  1.9 

19.  Rhode  Island  2.0 

20.  New  Hampshire  2.0 

21.  New  Jersey  2.3 

22.  Colorado  2.4 

23.  Michigan  2.4 

24.  Pennsylvania  2.5 

25.  Oklahoma  2.7 

26.  Illinois  2.8 

27.  Maine  3.1 

28.  Ohio  3.2 

29.  Vermont  4.1 

30.  Indiana  4.4 

31.  Arizona  4.5 

32.  Maryland  5.1 

33.  Missouri  5.4 

34.  Texas  5.8 

35.  Delaware  7.1 

36.  Mississippi  8.1 

37.  Florida  8.3 

38.  Arkansas  10.5 

39.  Indian  Territory  10.7 

40.  Georgia  11.8 

41.  Virginia  12.2 

42.  South  Carolina  12.3 

43.  Alabama  13.8 

44.  Tennessee  14.1 

45.  Kentucky  14.3 

46.  Louisiana  16.9 

47.  North  Carolina  18.9 

48.  New  Mexico  23.6 


(12) 


The  next  table  puts  us  really  at  the  bottom 
of  the  list.  The  children  who  actually  go  to 
school  in  this  state  attend  just  long  enough  to 
be  equivalent  to  two  months  for  all  the  chil- 
dren of  school  age  in  the  state.  In  other 
words,  we  are  making  a desperate  effort  to 
educate  children  who  are  not  in  school. 


(13) 


AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  DAYS’  ATTEND- 
ANCE FOR  EVERY  CHILD  OF 
SCHOOL  AGE  IN  1907-8. 


1.  Washington  147.6 

2.  California  122.4 

3.  Nevada  119.2 

4.  Massachusetts  116.4 

5.  Idaho  115.0 

6.  Colorado  109.5 

7.  Connecticut  109.1 

8.  Nebraska  103.1 

9.  Michigan  103.0 

10.  New  York  99.3 

11.  Iowa  98.7 

12.  Oregon  98.2 

13.  Vermont  96.8 

14.  New  Jersey  96.3 

15.  Rhode  Island  95.0 

16.  Utah  94.5 

17.  Kansas  88.7 

18.  Delaware  88.0 

19.  Indiana  87.8 

20.  Ohio  87.3 

21.  Illinois  84.8 

22.  Pennsylvania  84.5 

23.  Montana  83.7 

24.  New  Hampshire  82.7 

25.  Wyoming  82.6 

26.  North  Dakota  81.4 

27.  South  Dakota  77.5 

28.  Maine  76.0 

29.  Wisconsin  75.3 

30.  Minnesota  75.3 

31.  Missouri  72.4 

32.  Maryland  ; 69.0 

33.  West  Virginia  64.9 

34.  Arizona  58.8 

35.  Tennessee  57.8 

36.  Texas  : 52.9 

37.  Georgia  50.5 

38.  Mississippi  50.3 

39.  Florida  50.1 

40.  Kentucky  49.6 

41.  Virginia  47.9 

42.  New  Mexico  45.6 

42.  Oklahoma  44.8 

43.  Louisiana  44.5 

45.  Arkansas  44.3 

46.  North  Carolina  43.1 

47.  South  Carolina  42.8 

48.  Alabama  40.7 


(14) 


Even  after  children  are  enrolled  in  the 
schools  of  Alabama  this  page  shows  that 
they  attend  only  an  average  of  73  days. 

Alabamians  are  willing  to  admit  that  their 
children  are  the  best  and  the  brightest  of  any 
in  the  world,  but  it  is  complimenting  them 
rather  too  highly  to  expect  them  to  compete  in 
life’s  battles  on  73  days’  schooling  with  other 
children  who  attend  twice  as  long. 

AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  ATTEND- 
ED BY  EACH  PUPIL  ENROLLED 
IN  1907-8. 

1.  Massachusetts  154.0 

2.  New  York  148.8 

3.  Rhode  Island  145.5 

4.  Connecticut  141.2 

5.  Michigan  138.7 

6.  New  Jersey  137.5 

7.  California  136.5 

8.  Illinois  132.1 

9.  Pennsylvania  129.9 

10.  Indiana  127.0 

11.  Utah  123.6 

12.  New  Hampshire  122.7 

13.  Ohio  121.9 

14.  Washington  •. 121.8 

15.  Vermont  121.4 

16.  Iowa  120.6 

17.  Oregon  119.0 

18.  Nebraska  118.3 

19.  Montana  117.6 

20.  Delaware  116.6 

21.  Wisconsin  111.7 

22.  Kansas  111.4 

23.  Nevada  110.1 

24.  Minnesota  108.8 

25.  Colorado  108.1 

26.  Maryland  106.1 

27.  Missouri  104.9 

28.  Idaho  t 103.6 

29.  South  Dakota  99.2 

30.  Wyoming  99.1 

31.  Maine  1 95.9 

32.  North  Dakota  94.8 

33.  Louisiana  90.4 

34.  West  Virginia  87.4 

35.  Arizona  1 84.6 

36.  Georgia  83.6 

37.  Kentucky  82.6 

38.  Virginia  81.0 

39.  Tennessee  80.9 

40.  Texas  80.7 

41.  Florida  76.1 

42.  Alabama  73.0 

43.  New  Mexico  71.3 

44.  Oklahoma  71.0 

45.  South  Carolina  69.1 

46.  Mississippi  ' 64.5 

47.  North  Carolina  • 60.9 

48.  Arkansas  59.7 


(15) 


AMOUNT  EXPENDED  PER  CAPITA  OF 
TOTAL  POPULATION  1907-08. 


1.  Nevada  $11.81 

2.  Washington  10  00 

3.  California  8.47 

4.  North  Dakota  8.37 

5.  Idaho  7.59 

6.  Colorado  7.10 

7.  Utah  6.93 

8.  Montana  6.40 

9.  New  York  6.37 

10.  South  Dakota  6.26 

11.  New  Jersey  6.15 

12.  Massachusetts  5.93 

13.  Nebraska  5.83 

14.  Oregon  5.63 

15.  Illinois  5.56 

16.  Wyoming  5.45 

17.  Minnesota  5.43 

18.  Ohio  5.17 

19.  Iowa  5.13 

20.  Arizona  5.09 

21.  Michigan  5.01 

22.  Connecticut  4.79 

23.  Pennsylvania  4.79 

24.  Indiana  4.77 

25.  Rhode  Island  4.51 

26.  W!i  scon  sin  4.44 

27.  Kansas  4.43 

28.  Vermont  4.15 

29.  Missouri  * 3.70 

30.  New  Hampshire  3.45 

31.  Maine  3.15 

32.  West  Virginia  2.92 

33.  Delaware  2.73 

34.  Maryland  2.65 

35.  Texas  2.57 

36.  Florida  2.39 

37.  Louisiana  2.2  4 

38.  Oklahoma  2.20 

39.  New  Mexico  2.17 

40.  Virginia  1.81 

41.  Arkansas  1.71 

42.  Kentucky  1.56 

43.  Georgia  1.49 

44.  Tennessee  1.43 

45.  North  Carolina  1.32 

46.  Alabama  1.26 

47.  South  Carolina  1.07 

48.  Mississippi  98 


(16) 


In  1907-8  the  percentage  of  the  whole  reve- 
nue for  public  school  purposes  derived  from 
local  taxes  was  as  follows: 


1. 

Massachusetts  

94.39 

per 

cent 

2. 

New  York  

88.45 

a 

u 

3. 

Rhode  Island  

88.41 

u 

ii 

4. 

Kansas  

87.36 

« 

ii 

5. 

Oregon  

86.03 

a 

{{ 

6. 

Iowa  

84.74 

a 

ii 

7. 

Ohio  

81.81 

u 

it 

8. 

Pennsylvania  

81.26 

a 

ii 

9. 

Connecticut  

80.43 

a 

ii 

10. 

Missouri  

77.66 

u 

ii 

11. 

Wyoming  

76.88 

« 

ii 

12. 

New  Hampshire  .. 

76.05 

u 

ii 

13. 

South  Dakota  

75.97 

u 

ii 

14. 

Vermont  

75.48 

ii 

i 

15. 

Idaho  

74.30 

a 

ii 

16. 

Nebraska  

72.68 

a 

ii 

17. 

Illinois  

70.37 

a 

it 

18. 

Wisconsin  

69.76 

a 

ii 

19. 

Delaware  

67.96 

a 

it 

20. 

Colorado  

66.53 

a 

ii 

21. 

Florida 

66.44 

a 

ii 

22. 

North  Dakota  

66.34 

a 

ii 

23. 

Tennessee  

63.73 

“ 

ii 

24. 

New  Jersey  

60.09 

a 

it 

25. 

New  Mexico  

59.78 

a 

it 

26. 

California  

59.15 

a 

it 

27. 

Arkansas  

58.80 

a 

ii 

28. 

Maryland  

58.45 

a 

it 

29. 

Minnesota  

58.37 

a 

a 

30. 

Arizona  

57.94 

a 

a 

31. 

West  Virginia  

55.77 

a 

a 

32. 

Utah 

54.49 

a 

a 

33. 

Washington  

53.82 

a 

a 

34. 

Virginia  

50.72 

a 

u 

35. 

Maine 

46.02 

a 

a 

36. 

Michigan  

40.40 

a 

a 

37. 

Montana  

30.84 

a 

a 

38. 

Texas  

30.06 

a 

a 

39. 

Georgia  

30.04 

a 

a 

40. 

Nevada  

30.03 

a 

a 

41. 

Indiana  

28.82 

a 

a 

42. 

South  Carolina  

28.65 

a 

a 

43. 

North  Carolina  ... 

25.30 

a 

u 

44. 

Kentucky  

23.08 

a 

a 

45. 

Alabama  

13.95 

a 

a 

46. 

Louisiana  

13.47 

a 

a 

47. 

Mississippi  

10.86 

a 

a 

Oklahoma  omitted. 


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